甜菜碱受热降解速度相对较快，因此甜菜碎屑在长时间高温烘烤中会失去强度和色调稳定性。花青素能更好地耐受短暂、中等温度的烘烤，尤其是在酸性面糊中。实用的对策包括在产品允许的情况下缩短烘烤时间、提高烘烤温度、通过较小的平底锅或降低面糊密度来缩短烘烤时间、增加可可粉的颜料含量以承载颜色，以及在烘烤后期释放的封装颜色系统。这种权衡背后更广泛的工程原理包含在 Heat Stability 101: Choosing Flavors That Survive the Oven，并且它们适用于颜色系统，就像适用于风味系统一样。无论选择哪种策略，结果都必须根据冷却的、完全凝固的产品来判断。暖色样品可以使天然色素的色调和强度更加柔和，而在暖色切片上批准的配方通常会在货架上令人失望。
在美国，色素添加剂要么需要经过认证，涵盖 21 CFR Part 74 中列出的合成染料，要么需要豁免认证，涵盖 21 CFR Part 73 中列出的所谓天然色素。豁免色素包括甜菜汁、胭脂红、胭脂红、辣椒油树脂、浓缩果汁和蔬菜汁以及类胡萝卜素，每个条目都设定了自己的允许用途和限制。因此，红色天鹅绒包装上的无人造染料声明取决于使用的豁免颜色以及成分声明中的声明方式。在标签设计最终确定之前，验证特定食品类别的允许用途。
欧盟规则、电子编号和着色食品
In the European Union, Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 governs food additives and colors, and the framework distinguishes between color additives, which carry E-numbers, and coloring foods, which are preparations obtained from foods and used for their coloring properties and are labelled as foods rather than as additives. That distinction is what allows a European ingredient statement to read beetroot juice concentrate instead of a number. The EU also requires the warning statement for products containing certain synthetic colors, which makes natural alternatives particularly attractive in children's and family products, where the warning is commercially awkward.
Layer cakes are the hardest test because the crumb is thick, the bake is long and the cut face is the product's identity. Aim for a pigment system that holds its hue through the full bake, remember that a thick batter insulates the centre and lengthens the effective heat exposure, and accept that a slightly deeper, browner red usually reads as more believable than a bright, neon one. Evaluate the cut slice under daylight and under warm retail lighting, because the same crumb can look crimson in one and muddy in the other.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 21 CFR Part 73 - Listing of color additives exempt from certification (beet juice, annatto, carmine, paprika oleoresin and related colorants). Available: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-A/part-73
欧洲议会和理事会关于食品添加剂（色素添加剂、E 编号和着色食品）的法规 (EC) No 1333/2008。可用：https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32008R1333
U.S. Food and Drug Administration - FDA to Revoke Authorization for the Use of Red No. 3 in Food and Ingested Drugs (2025 order and compliance dates). Available: https://www.fda.gov/food/hfp-constituent-updates/fda-revoke-authorization-use-red-no-3-food-and-ingested-drugs
